{"id":17881,"date":"2008-05-08T23:00:06","date_gmt":"2008-05-08T21:00:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fondazionebassetti.org\/non-categorizzato\/2008\/05\/by_any_other_name"},"modified":"2024-02-25T10:12:56","modified_gmt":"2024-02-25T09:12:56","slug":"by_any_other_name","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fondazionebassetti.org\/en\/live_archive\/2008\/05\/by_any_other_name","title":{"rendered":"By Any Other Name"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>For people new to the work of the Bassetti Foundation, the concept of &#8220;responsibility in innovation&#8221; can be somewhat elusive. But like most other general concepts, responsibility in innovation is reflected in a wide variety of disciplines, though often by other names. For example, <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Legal scholars sometimes frame the issue in terms of liability, or <a href=\"http:\/\/www.west.net\/~smith\/causation.htm\" title=\"Negligence - Causation In Fact - Proximate or Legal Cause\">proximate<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Proximate_cause\" title=\"Wikipedia: Proximate cause\">cause<\/a>. If innovation builds on the work of multiple actors, who is ultimately <a href=\"http:\/\/works.bepress.com\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1003&amp;context=peter_gerhart\" title=\"PETER M. GERHART: RESPONSIBILITY AND PROXIMATE CAUSE\">responsible<\/a> when something goes wrong? <\/li>\n<li>Economists think in terms externalization of costs, minimax, and <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moral_hazard\" title=\"Wikipedia: Moral hazard\">moral hazard<\/a>. To the extent innovation creates risks, how can they be measured and assigned? Engineering and medical societies may operate under codes of ethics or practice. <\/li>\n<li>Designers may search for answers with <a href=\"http:\/\/www.upassoc.org\/usability_resources\/about_usability\/what_is_ucd.html\" title=\"Usability Professionals' Association\">user centered<\/a> approaches. Responsibility can rest with the end user. <\/li>\n<li>University administrators may simply delegate the problem to their <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Institutional_review_board\" title=\"Wikipedia: Institutional review board\">Institutional Review Board<\/a>. Responsibility in innovation means avoiding liability, and secondarily, protecting human subjects of research. Responsibility rests with <a href=\"http:\/\/www.irbforum.org\/\" title=\"The Institutional Review Board - Discussion and News Forum\">experts<\/a>. <\/li>\n<li>Researchers in the field of <a href=\"http:\/\/en.stswiki.org\/index.php\/Main_Page\" title=\"STS Wiki\">Science and Technology Studies<\/a> (STS) have grappled with issues of agency and unintended consequences, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.easst.net\/\" title=\"EASST\">public policy and innovation<\/a>.  <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>There is also a close relationship with concepts of <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dmoz.org\/Science\/Environment\/Sustainability\/\" title=\"Open Directory Project: Sustainability\">sustainability<\/a>, which is fast becoming a <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sustainability#Common_principles\" title=\"Wikipedia: Sustainability\">unifying principle<\/a> (or one word answer) for innovators in green technology, education, genetics, nanotechnology, design, and other fields. Because &#8216;sustainability&#8217; is now applied so widely, the meaning of the word seems to be collapsing into an economic definition: someone else will pay in perpetuity. So while all responsible innovation must be sustainable, it&#8217;s not clear that all sustainable innovation is responsible. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"image\"><a href=\"\/en\/ubois\/2008\/05\/by_any_other_name.html\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"earth administration\" title=\"earth administration\" src=\"\/en\/ubois\/img\/earth-administration_130.jpg\" width=\"130\" height=\"130\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"info\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":23318,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"mc4wp_mailchimp_campaign":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[2763],"tags":[3962,4006,4173,4058,4604,3926,3993,2671],"class_list":["post-17881","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-live_archive","tag-design_en","tag-ethics_en","tag-jeff_ubois_en","tag-law_en","tag-moral_hazard_en","tag-responsibility_en","tag-sustainability_en","tag-ubois"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - 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